19,000 words
54 pages
Essay Subheadings:
Paul Tillich on Blood and Soil Cults
Tillich on Socialist Inner-Conflict with Free Enterprise Economics
The Un-American Fascist Congress of the 1930s
The Parallelism of American Fascism and Christian Fundamentalism
Ministries of Hate
They Overplayed Their Hand
The Tricky Dick
The Four D's of FDR
The Non-Confessing Church
Allen Dulles Gaslights America
The Paines (sic) of Government Intelligence
Meditations on the Diremption of Spirit
The Rise of Fascism in Post-WWII America
Paul Tillich on Blood and Soil Cults
I
finished reading Paul Tillich's book "The
Socialist Decision,"
(1933) (pdf.) (SD) which is about the complex inter-conflicts between socialism,
religious socialism, capitalist class domination (bourgeoisie), the
Cults of Origin such as Blood and Soil cultural elements, proletariat
(literally meaning "without property"), Marxism,
Hegelianism, economic liberalism, and democracy. The Nazis burned
this book, and then offered Tillich a prestigious Chair of Philosophy
at the University of Berlin if he denounced it. Tillich laughed in
their face. And the Nazi would have never keep their promised offer
since Tillich knew the Nazi paramilitary was looking for him for a
comment he made in private to an old friend that the Nazi Field
Marshal ,Goebbels, was a drug addict (which he was). The book is well
written and easy to read, but the interplay between all these
political forces are complex and change in time. His understanding of
these forces is from his experience in Germany witnessing the rise of
the Nazi cults of Blood and Soil.
A
key concept of capitalism is the belief in cosmic harmony. Tillich
makes the distinction between natural
harmony and metaphysical
harmony.
We know the harmony thesis today as the "Free Market"
of Laissez-faire capitalism,
or liberalism. Tillich uses the term bourgeois
principle,
which "views reality as a set of objects that can be rationally
controlled (SD, p. xxii)." The "prebourgeois"
represent feudalistic origin-cults that ally themselves with the
bourgeois for joint power. With these definitions the following
paragraph should be understandable.
"By
virtue of their common belief in harmony, the
interpenetration of liberalism and democracy is
yet further deepened. Liberalism believes in a natural harmony which
comes to pass through the free play of the productive forces.
Democracy does not believe in natural harmony; it does believe,
however, that nature can be subjugated to reason. It believes in
a metaphysical
harmony which
is certain to prevail in the historical process. Nature is knowable,
and can be put into the service of humanity, because the categories
of the human mind are the elements that give nature its structure.
Society can be rationally shaped because the human race is involved
in a process of education toward reason, the goal of which will
somehow finally be reached. This belief in harmony, whether in the
one form or the other, is the most profound principle of the Western
Enlightenment, though it often remains unrecognized. It is the
principle that has given the Enlightenment its optimism and has given
bourgeois society its world historical power. If
the belief in harmony is shaken, the bourgeois principle is
shaken. The
bourgeois principle cannot be protected from this shock by giving up
the liberal belief in natural harmony, while maintaining the belief
in a metaphysical harmony to be achieved through human action.
Without the liberal element, democracy’s expectation of progress is
nothing more than a belief in miracles. For without the liberal
premise,[natural harmony] democracy cannot explain how, out of the
arbitrariness of all individuals, a power can emerge that educates
toward reason and achieves the reasonable. It cannot do without the
concept of natural harmony in its description either of the
individual or of society. If it nevertheless wants to give up this
concept, it is compelled to fall back on prebourgeois, origin-related
elements (SD, p. 51; brackets added)."
Tillich
has other insights into the relationships between the socialists,
bourgeois, the state, and the proletariat. Remember Tillich wrote
this book just before the Nazi's took power in 1933. His talent for
dialectical analysis is applied to the dynamics between the various
groups mentioned above and the analysis holds up even today to
interpret the rise of the Trumpian Cults of Irrationality in
America. His book is an excellent demonstration of dialectical
reasoning that can be learned and applied to other subject matters.
Tillich believes that religious socialism can provide resolution into
the inner-conflicts of socialist belief, socialist view of human
nature, socialist concept of society, culture, community, and
economics. His book is only 160 pages, but he makes so many good
points that it took a lot of effort to completely read. I can
understand why the Nazis wanted Tillich to denounce his own
book.
"...for
the sake of socialism the proletariat must fight for its class
interest over the bourgeois interest. It must use the means of power
in order to overcome power in principle. It must deny the state as an
instrument of bourgeois class rule, and at the same time must conquer
it in order to establish proletarian class rule. The goal of the
conquest of the state is the abolition of state, power, and class. In
the present, power is opposed by power so that in the future, power
can renounce power. Socialist belief thus once more shows itself to
be a belief in miracles, both in its interpretation of human nature
and in its interpretation of society. The bourgeoisie took advantage
of its power to effect its own class rule. It broke with the belief
in a harmony between the bourgeoisie and society in general that it
originally held, although it still maintains it as an ideology. The
proletariat, or, more precisely, the militant and power-bearing group
of the proletariat, is to give up voluntarily the power that it has
won. Here the bourgeois belief in harmony is to prove true, even
though it has never done so as regards the bourgeoisie itself. Here
power is to overcome itself by reason (SD, p. 76)."
The Socialist Inner-Conflict with Free Enterprise Economics
Tillich
describes the inner conflict that socialism has with capitalism and
its reaction to unregulated capitalism and their political allies.
His historical analysis is still applicable to today’s political
and economic situation in America. The bourgeois’ belief in natural
cosmic harmony is reinforced and justified by the discovered rational
laws of economic liberalism (unrestrained Laissez
faire market
capitalism) that provides for the greatest good for the greatest
number of society (the liberal principle). However, the proletarian
experience has been different with cyclical economic crises resulting
in inflation, then deflation, unemployment, imperial wars, and
general insecurity resulting from the political alliances between the
bourgeois and pre-bourgeois feudalism. These allied groups force
socialism to embrace the same liberal view of the economy as rational
in order to counter the irrational influences injected into the
economy by feudalistic groups such as large landowners, artisans, and
even the peasantry that accept liberalistic harmony. Socialism
rejects nationalism while forced politically to embrace “free
trade” over import duties, and to protect certain groups such as
industrial workers from severe exploitation by counter measures such
as unionization, but these efforts end up only being temporary.
Tillich describes this situation from personal experience in
Germany:
“The
temporary improvement of market conditions for a particular domestic
group, for example, cannot delude the proletariat, even if it profits
from it, since it has to pay for its advantage in terms of an
increase in the price of goods in its own country, and, in the long
run, by a worsening of sales because of retaliatory measures.
Thus everything appears to drive the proletariat toward an
affirmation of the free market. But
at the same time, everything speaks against it.
The proletariat experiences the destruction of the liberal principle
[natural
harmony]
in the frightful irrationality of the economic crisis.20 It knows
from experience that
the liberal method in economics leads to periods of terrible
pauperization,
and furthermore that even under the most favorable of market
conditions, the share of the proletariat in the goods produced is
extremely modest in comparison to the share of the opposing class. It
experiences the class struggle as a reality that is inseparably bound
up with the free enterprise economy, a reality that annuls its claim
to be the most rational economic scheme (SD, p. 90; bold text
added)."
Socialism
seeks to replace the “crisis-creating
state of unrestrained competition” with
a centrally planned economy, and jettisons faith in harmony
in the market below with
the democratic belief that “Rationality
in economics is not to be abrogated but is to be placed into the
hands of human being (Ibid., p. 90).”
Anti-liberal
socialism must work with groups of disparate conflicting interests
who are at the same time manipulated as a class by the bourgeois who
accepts metaphysical harmony of reason. Because of class divisions
socialism must “fall
back upon powers of origin”
(i.e.,
the values connected with the past, such as regional, cultural, and
ethnic heritage) to struggle the bourgeois and their cult of
irrationality allies , but at the same time appeal to economic
reason.
For
more details regarding this political dialectic see Tillich’s “The
Socialist Decision”
(pdf.),
pages 89-91.
The Un-American Congress
"And these citizens are united only by one thing and this is true. That is, you become a citizen in the United States by a simple consent to the Constitution...it is a sacred document. It is the constant remembrance of the sacred act. And that is the act of foundation. And the foundation is to make a union out of wholly disparate ethnic minorities and regions and still have a union and do not assimilate or level down these differences. And all this is very difficult to understand for a foreigner. It's what a foreigner never understands. We can say this is a government by law and not by men to what extent that is true and needs to be true for the well-being of the country." -- Hannah Arendt, 1973 interview (2:45 min.).
I
first discovered Glen Yeadon and John Hawkins' book "The
Nazi Hydra In Fascist America," (2003-2008
) in 2004 while studying the history of fascism, an interest
developed from reading Herbert Marcuse on totalitarianism who was
associated with the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, and also reading "The
Authoritarian Personality" (1950)
authored by Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and Nevitt Sanford,
at the University of California, Berkeley during WWII about the rise
of fascism in Nazi Germany.
Those
books are extremely abstract and theoretical, while on the other hand
most WWII video documentaries only recount battles and dates without
examining fascism in depth, but Yeadon and Hawkins researched the
historical facts of how German Fascism infiltrated the United States
Congress in the 1930s operating a huge pro-Nazi German propaganda
publishing machine paid for by the US taxpayer, some of whom died in
war against the Axis Powers while getting paid $50 dollars a month as
soldiers. The Hydra text examines the influence of Nazi fascism in US
corporate law, shocking corporate economic sabotage, Red Scare
propaganda campaigns, the Klansman preachers, American eugenics, the
Bush Banking Crime Family, seditionist insurrection against Franklin
D. Roosevelt, Republicans elections & Nazis, the corrupt US
media, the failure of the FBI, the success of the OSS and the fascist
insurrection in America--it's a 543 page well researched book for
free here (pdf.),
but I purchased my copy to give moral support to the authors. It is a
great resource text for historical reference even if you don't read
it cover to cover. The table of contents list is at the end of the
book.
George
“Swastika” Viereck
Our
current 118th United States Congress is the most corrupt since the
1930s Congress in which numerous US Congressmen were secretly
receiving monies from the Nazi agent propagandist George "Swastika"
Viereck who supplied the Republican Minnesota populist Congressman
Ernest Lundeen with isolationist pro-fascist propaganda articles and
speeches in hope of delaying or preventing the US from entering WWII
against Hitler.
Minnesota
Congressman Ernest Lundeen
After
the death of Lundeen in a mysterious plane crash, special assistant
to the Attorney General, William Maloney, discovered other
Congressional members were also being paid by the Nazis to use the US
Congressional postal system to mail free of charge hundreds of
thousands of ghost-written Nazis propaganda tracks with congressmen
as pseudo authors. Congressman Lundeen had taken money not only from
the Nazi Viereck, but from the German Foreign Ministry Ambassador
Thomsen. Interestingly, the investigative journalist turned
propagandist, George Creel, agreed to write for Thomsen before Peral
Harbor interrupted the book deal (NH, p. 176)."
Here
is a partial list of the treasonous congressmen indicted by special
assistant to the Attorney General, William on July 21, 1942, of
mostly Republicans from Minnesota and Michigan*:
Stephen
Day (Republican from Illinois)
Hamilton
Fish (Republican New York) (Absolutely the worst)
Rush
Holt (Democrat West Virginia)
Ernest
Lundeen Republican (Farmer-Labor Minnesota)
John
Alexander Republican Minnesota
Philip
Bennett Republican Missouri
Usher
Burdick Republican North Dakota
Worth
Clark Democrat Idaho
Cliff
Clevenger Republican Ohio
Henry
Dworshak Republican Idaho
Clare
Hoffman Republican Michigan
Edwin
Johnson Democrat Colorado
Bartell
Jonlman Republican Michigan
Harold
Knutson Republican Minnesota
Robert
LaFollette Republican Wisconsin
Gerald
Nye Republican North Dakota
Robert
Reynolds Democrat North Carolina
Paul
Shafer Republican Michigan
Henrik
Shipstead Republican Minnesota
William
Stratton Republican Illinois
Martin
Sweeney Democrat Ohio
Jacob
Thorkelson Republican Montana
George
Tinkham Republican Massachusetts
Burton
Wheeler Democrat Montana (Also, among the worst of the American
fascists congressmen)
*Source,
see Glen Yeadon's book, "The Nazi Hydra,"(2003-2008 ) (NH) (pdf.)
p. 175.
Yeadon
notes that the Nazi corruption of Congress continued from the 1930s
to the 1940 election. The Republican Party was profiting from a
secret Nazi election slush fund:
"On
the eve of the Republican National Convention [1940], money from this
Nazi slush fund was used in a propaganda blitz for the isolationists.
One Republican congressman received $3,000 for heading up a
contingent of fifty isolationists. The Nazi money was well spent, as
the convention closed with a party platform plank firmly opposed to
US involvement in the war. The Nazis were especially pleased to note
that the platform plank was taken almost verbatim from the full-page
German propaganda ads placed in the New York Times on June 25. 35
Stephen Day had been paid thousands of dollars to form the committee
publishing the ad. Day, a Republican congressman from Illinois, would
be named as a fascist collaborator by [US District Attorney] Maloney.
The ad was signed by Representatives Samuel Pettingill, Harold
Knudsen, John O'Conner and Hamilton Fish, and Senators Edwin Johnson,
Bennett Clark, David Walsh, Burton Wheeler and Rush Holt. [superscript 101] Both Lewis and Democratic Senator Burton Wheeler, a
leading isolationist, spoke before the convention (NH, p.
154)."
When
the German ambassador Thomsen was busted and funds seized by the FBI,
he had three million dollars remaining of five million dollars to
spend on the 1940 Republican elections:
"Regardless
of whether the Nazis spent only $2 million or the full $5 million
dollars, they were a major source of campaign funds for the
Republicans in 1940. While the total amount of Nazis funds spent on
the Republican 1940 campaign may never be known with any certainty,
from the funds recovered in the embassy raid it is clear that at
least $2 million was spent from the slush fund alone. Therefore, the
lower limit is at least $2 million. In short, a major proportion
ranging from 15% to over 33% of the Republican campaign funds in 1940
came directly from the Nazis. Considering the fact major
industrialists were active supporters of the Nazis and large donors
to the Republican Party, well over 50% of the Republican campaign
funding in 1940 came either directly from Nazis in Berlin or those
within the United States (NH, p. 155)."
These
acts of treason pale in comparison to those of Democratic Senator
Burton Wheeler of Montana when, unbelievably, he leaked to Hitler
through the pro-fascist Chicago Tribune newspaper America's WWII
strategic military plans against Nazi Germany:
"...it
was on the eve of the war with Germany that Wheeler revealed himself
as a traitor and a fascist. On December 4, 1941, the pro-fascist
Chicago Tribune and its' sister publication the Washington Times
Herald printed the plans for the top-secret Rainbow 5 Plan.
Rainbow
5 was the battle plan developed by the military in case war broke
out. Publishing the plan or leaking information about the plan would
be the equivalent of publishing or leaking the battle order of the
Pentagon during the Cold War. Unquestionably, leaking such a plan was
an act of treason. In Hitler's speech declaring war against the
United States on December 11, 1945, the final straw he listed was as
follows.
'With
no attempt at an official denial there has now been revealed in
America, President Roosevelt's plan by which, at the latest in 1943,
Germany and Italy are to be attacked in Europe by Military
means.'43
Amazing
as it may seem, no one was charged with treason or sedition, not the
Chicago Tribune, not Wheeler and not the army officer that delivered
the papers to Wheeler despite an FBI investigation. Remember this was
the battle plan in case war broke out. It was top secret and fewer
than a dozen copies of the report were ever produced (NH, p.
214)."
This
era of American history shows just how crazy our democratic congress
can become, and it even gets worse.
US CEOs Provide Nazi Germany War Production and Sabotage America
Before
examining the role of American Christian sects played during the
1930s and 1940s as the German Nazis rose to power, let us revisit
what American politicians, and the big corporate business leaders
were up to during the time leading up to the outbreak of WWII.
I
have been reviewing only some of the high points of Glen Yeadon and
John Hawkins’ book on American Fascism, “The Nazi Hydra,” that
in part researched fascist Germany’s effort to delay FDR’s
entering WWII as an ally of Great Britain during the 1930’s until
Pearl Harbor, December 4, 1940. The German Nazi government had
successfully infiltrated the US Congress and by July 21, 1942,
Attorney General, William Maloney indicted twenty-eight persons (24
were Congressmen), thirty publications and twenty-six organizations
for receiving Nazi propaganda money (Ibid., p. 174). The German
Embassy had already spent about three million dollars out of five
million dollars reserved to fund the Republican November 1940 General
Election. And when Japan attacked Peral Harbor Democratic Senator
Burton Wheeler of Montana immediately leaked detailed US WWII
military war plans. Wheeler was later responsible for removing
William Maloney from the investigation and indictment of the
treasonous US Congressmen.
However,
as unAmerican as the indicted Congressmen were, American corporations
were even worse. Yeadon/Hawkins notes the “…majority of support
for fascism and opposition to the war came from the leaders of
corporate America. It was the leaders of corporate America who were
behind the plot to seize the White House and install a fascist
government. It was the leaders of corporate America who were building
the Third Reich's war machine as the statement from the US Ambassador
to Germany, William Dodd, noted. And
it would be the leaders of corporate America who went on a sit-down
strike to prevent the production of war munitions first for the Lend
Lease program and then for our own troops once war was
declared (Ibid.,
p. 216; bold text added).”
Pro-Nazi Domestic Terrorists Go Unpunished "Der Tag"
During 1940 to 1945 American corporate leaders conspired to prevent or delay the delivery of munitions intended for Britain’s war against Nazi Germany in a “Lend Lease agreement.” At least four separate munitions factories in the United States mysteriously blew up, three power factories about 20 minutes travel time apart exploded at the same time.
"The Day"
These
particular acts of sabotage are not covered in “The Hydra,” but
Rachel Maddow includes great detail in her third chapter of “Ultra,”
titled “The
Day.”
The first munitions factory to explode was during 1940 located in
Kenvil, New Jersey, and was named “Hercules Powder Plant” because
it was larger than 900 football fields. This explosion of 25 tons of
gun powder killed 52 persons, injuring 200, or about half of all
workers that day, and causing two million dollars damage leaving a
13-foot crater whose blast was felt 90 miles away. Then two months
later three other separate munitions plants within 20 minutes travel
time of each other —another factory in New Jersey, and two others
in Pennsylvania—exploded at the same time killing sixteen
additional Americans, and wounding dozens more. It turns out that an
Anti-Defamation League activist, Steven Ross, leaked to the FBI
before the bombings that a Los Angeles Nazi group called “Friends
of New Germany,” where involved, and an informant name Neil Ness
knew of the planned bomb attacks on munitions plants. Ross Ness
testified in 1939 before the plant explosions:
“Look,
these Nazis are dangerous, and they are violent, and they are going
to start– they talk about Der Tag all the time, ‘The Day,’
meaning the day that they’re going to blow up and takeover America.
And he uncovers a series of plots. Amongst them are Nazis are
planning to blow up military and defense installations. He says, ‘You
know, we talked about blowing up the Hercules Powder Plant’ (Ibid.,
‘Ultra: The Day’).”
No
arrests were ever made by the FBI for these acts of sabotage, and
murder by a domestic Nazi group.
Returning
to Yeadon/Hawkins’ research, “The Nazi Hydra,” text documents
corporate America’s organized rejection of contracts to provide
Britain with war materials such as munitions, and in the case of the
Ford Motor Company refused a contract to build aircraft engines for
the Royal Airforce (NH., p. 217). In contrast, the famous Nazi
"Blitzkrieg"
method of military combat was only possible by getting the Nazi
military off horseback and into a fully mechanized army. General
Motors provided the Nazi army with motor vehicles (see, “Nazi
Nexus: America's Corporate Connections to Hitler's Holocaust,”
Erwin Black, Washington, DC: Dialog Press, 2009).
IBM
In another case, IBM was particularly bad. IBM used its computers that ran patented Hollerith numbered punch cards that only IBM could use and be programmed on their machines. This computer system kept tract of the Jewish population in death camps or work camps, and all the German people. Daily, camp prisoners had to stand for hours during roll calls to verify prisoner records. Prisoner deaths were recorded as "natural," "disease," and "special treatment" (gas chambers) so the American IBM programmers knew how their computers were being used (see, “IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation,” Erwin Black, New York: Crown Publishers, 2001).
Andrew Mellon
American
Aluminum Company of America (Aloca) was owned by Andrew Mellon during
the 1930s and dragged his feet-- and even sabotaged—implementing
FDR’s efforts to increase aircraft production that needed aluminum
which Mellon conveniently held a near monopoly. During the 1920s
Mellon signed a “cartel agreement” with German business
interests, i.e., Adolf Hitler. Yeadon/Hawkins found all the
particulars:
“By
its cartel agreement with I.G. Farben controlled by Hitler, Alcoa
sabotaged the aluminum program of the US air force. The Truman
Committee heard testimony that Alcoa's representative, A.H. Bunker a
dollar a year head of the aluminum section of the OPM prevented work
on our $600,000,000 aluminum expansion program.
Congressman
Pierce of Oregon said in May 1941: ‘To date 137 days or 371/2% of a
year's production has been wasted in the effort to protect Alcoa's
monopolistic position. This delay translated into planes means 10,000
fighters or 1,665 bombers.’
…Not
only did Alcoa own almost all of the plants that produced aluminum,
but it also controlled most of the high-grade bauxite ore. Aluminum
production requires massive amounts of electric power and Alcoa
controlled much of the hydropower (NH., p. 217).”
Andrew
Mellon had the monopolies on the necessary aluminum ore, smelting
process, and even hydroelectricity. Mellon even owned land on both
the American and Canadian side of the International Rapids Stretch
border which produced unlimited hydroelectricity for a mere one-tenth
of a penny per kilowatt-hour. On the Canadian side the power
generating utility was publicly owned and charged $0.85 cents a
kilowatt-hour. In contrast, on the New York side, hydroelectricity
was produced by the privately owned Niagara Hudson company for $1.59
per kilowatt-hour (for more details see, Ibid., p. 218).”
Henry
Ford
US investigators learned that “not only did Ford
willingly build trucks for the Nazis they also helped the Nazis
stockpile materials for the war with the complete knowledge of the
Dearborn headquarters (Ibid., p. 269).” In another case, “When
the RAF bombed the Ford plant at Poissy in March 1942, photographs of
the burning plant were published in American newspapers. However, the
media chains owning the majority of American newspapers were eager to
protect one of their largest advertisers failed to mention that Ford
owned the plant (Ibid., p. 269).” Yeadon/Hawkins note, “The first
to support what became the Nazi line publicly was Henry Ford. In the
early 1920s, Ford began publishing an antisemitic newspaper. Ford was
also an early financial supporter of Hitler at a time when the Nazis
were virtually unknown.”
John Birch Society
None of the corporate leaders mentioned here were ever held responsible for their actions by the US government. Some congressmen later lost their seats for taking money from the Nazis, but most continued their careers specializing in John Birch Society Red-Scare propaganda. In summary: “The same corporations that were guilty of delaying war production in the sit-down strike and sponsoring pro-fascist groups at home were also guilty of knowingly trading with the Nazis during the war. A massive change in tactics was required to protect themselves from sedition or treason charges following the conclusion of the war… First, it marked the beginning of targeting those within the government that were fully opposed to fascism. Many of those within the Roosevelt administration or in the halls of Congress that called for the complete destruction of fascism were discredited, forced to resign or targeted for defeat in elections by corporate America (Ibid., p. 232).”
.The Parallelism of American Fascism and Christian Fundamentalism
The
American history researched by Yeadon and Hawkins in “The Nazi
Hydra” is not the version you will find in Samuel Eliot Morison’s
famous text, “The Oxford History of The American People.”
(1965)(OHAP)(pdf.).
Morison’s history does mention briefly (Ibid., p. 972-4) the
right-wing religious leader, Father
Coughlin,
(1891-1979) a Canadian Catholic Irish priest who moved to Detroit,
Michigan during the 1930s to start a religious radio broadcast to
some 30 million American listeners, or a fourth of the U.S.
population at that time. Coughlin initially supported President
Franklin Delanor Roosevelt, but later turned against him for bailing
out Wall Street Bankers. Although unorganized, Father Coughlin was
just the tip of the fascist iceberg that had been in existence for
many decades in American Christian churches before the multiple Wall
Street bank crashes of the 1930s. U.S. Corporations and the American
oligarchy blamed Roosevelt for causing the 1929 economic collapse and
interfering with the depression they hoped would destroy labor
unions: “Almost every man of wealth had enough resource to tide him
over any conceivable depression, but he wanted the downward spiral to
hit rock bottom, smash the labor unions, and reestablish the free
labor market of the previous century. Roosevelt's successful effort
to prevent that was his unpardonable crime; but in the eyes of the
country at large, his greatest achievement (OHAP, p. 977).”
U.S.
Corporations heavily invested in Germany were so outraged by
Roosevelt’s New Deal policies, that some American corporate leaders
began a plot in 1934 to overthrow the American government and install
a fascist regime. Fanatic Hitler worshipper, Irènee du Pont
(1876–1963), financed the Nazis regime through General Motors, and
the J. P. Morgan Bank. Also involved in the planned coup was owner
Robert Clark of the Singer Sewing machine corporation (and gun
manufacturer), Grayson Murphy of Goodyear, and the Pew family of Sun
Oil (see NH, p. 143). Extremist right-wing political organizations
were also participating such as the American Liberty League financed
by the du Pont family:
“Morgan
and du Pont cronies (including John J. Raskob) funded the League.
Included in the League's advisory council were Dr. Samuel Hardin
Church, who ran the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh, W.R. Perkins of
National City Bank; Alfred Sloan, CEO of GM; Joseph M. Proskauer,
former New York Supreme Court Justice and the general counsel to the
Consolidated Gas Company; J. Howard Pew of Sun Oil and the financier
of the openly fascist Sentinels of the Republic; and David Reed, the
Republican Senator from Pennsylvania who remarked on the floor of the
Senate in May 1932: 'I do not often envy other countries and their
governments, but I say that if this country ever needed a Mussolini,
it needs one now’ (NH, p. 145).”
WWI
veterans Gerald
MacGuire (a
bonds salesman employed by the heir to the Singer Sewing machine
corporation, Robert Clark) and Bill Doyle (Bill Doyle was commander
of the Massachusetts American Legion) were sent to recruit the famous
war hero, General Smedley Butler, to give a speech on the gold
standard at an American Legion convention in the hope of eventually
convincing Butler to lead 500,000 volunteers of embittered veterans
in an insurrection against FDR. Sent by Robert Clark, MacGuire had
gone to Germany specifically to study how military veterans were
convinced to join the German Nazi movement. General Butler wanted
nothing to do with the planned insurrection, but still allowed
MacGuire to think he was interested. After several meetings Butler
contacted journalist investigator Paul C. French who then informed
FDR of the coup plot that was not unlike other reports he was
getting. The
McCormick-Dickstein Committee was formed on November 20, 1934, to
investigate the coup plan and concluded Butler told the truth: the
committee submitted a report, but the media networks suppressed the
committee findings. Very little of the investigation got into the
mainstream press. FDR may have decided not to go public any further
since Nazi agitation propaganda would intensify and exploit
widespread political unrest.
To
Morison’s credit, he briefly mentions this ugly episode in his one
thousand one hundred-and eighty-four-page classic text on American
history, but he does not go into detail of the sabotage FDR
experienced before, during, and even after the Nazis were defeated.
These same Wall Street financial powerhouses that financed Germany’s
pre-war military build-up successfully propagandized for the release
of Nazi war criminals who in one case executed en
mass
84 American soldiers with hundreds of other allied soldiers in
the Malmedy,
Belgium massacre (see,
NH, p. 293). Here is how Morison summarized the coup plan and only
many hundreds of pages later mention General Butler regarding a
battle in Nicaragua:
“…Roosevelt's
foreign policy sharply divided American opinion. Critics charged that
it was dragging the United States inexorably into an “imperialistic"
war with which we had no legitimate concern; supporters insisted that
only by helping Britain and France to defeat Hitler could we save
democracy from destruction and ourselves from ultimate attack. The
issue was fought out in the halls of Congress, in the press, over the
radio, on public platforms, in bars, offices, and homes. Party lines
were shattered, labor organizations split, business relations
strained, old friendships broken. William Allen White's Committee to
Defend America by Aiding the Allies organized branches in a thousand
towns, sent out hundreds of speakers and millions of letters and
pamphlets to arouse the nation to its danger. The opposition
organization, the America First Committee, top-billing Charles
Lindbergh, paraded, picketed, protested, and preached an amalgam of
isolationism and pacifism, with overtones of anti-Semitism; and it
came out after the war that the “America Firsters" had
accepted financial support from Germany. Newspapers like the New York
Times and Herald-Tribune ranged themselves behind the presidential
policy, while the Chicago Tribune found itself in a congenial
alliance with Hearst ringing an alarm-bell against, ‘being dragged
into war to save England’ (OHAP p. 977).”
The Many Headed Nazi Hydra and Christian Nationalism
Father
Coughlin of the “Christian Front” was only one pro-Nazi
propagandist among many other leaders of some Christian religious
sects that held similar views and long outlasted Coughlin’s paid
pro-Nazi propaganda gig which ended when Pearl Harbor was bombed on
December 7, 1941. Yeadon/Hawkins’ research found Reverend Gerald
K. Smith,
(1898 –1976) assistant to Coughlin, was an even more important
pro-Nazi religious leader and is considered the founder of Christian
Identity religious movements that right-wing extremist groups embrace
today. Smith was also Louisiana Governor “The Kingfish” Huey
Long’s assistant in his “Share-the-Wealth” populus movement
(OHAP, p. 975). Smith was a friend of Henry Ford, and a minister in
the anti-Semitic cult “Disciples of Christ Church.”
“Christian
America” was another fascist group which successfully lobbied
states for “right to work” anti-labor laws during the 1946
election in which over 200 anti-union bills would flood congress.
Yeadon noted that “The rehabilitated Fred Hartley, who had
supported Japan and Germany up until the moment Pearl Harbor was
bombed, would co-author the anti-union Taft-Hartley act. The fascist
group Christian America would successfully lobby several Southern and
Midwestern states to pass anti-union right to work laws (NH, p.
260).”
Yeadon
found that “Others associated with the Christian America were
Alfred Sloan, CEO of GM, the du Ponts, bankers George and Joseph
Widener, and Wall Street lawyer Odgen Mills (NH, p. 168 ).” Who
would have known Wall Street bankers and lawyers were so holy?
Associates of the wealthy Texas
Kirby Family formed
the group “Christian America” directed by Vance
Muse whose
own grandson described him as “a white supremacist, an anti-Semite,
and a Communist-baiter, a man who beat on labor unions not on behalf
of working people, as he said, but because he was paid to do so
(Vance Muse [III], “Making Peace with Grandfather,” Texas
Monthly (February
1986): 116.).” Muse was also against the Adamson Act of 1916 which
gave an eight-hour workday to railroad workers—just what Jesus
would do!
Another
businessman religious group was the Chicago 1937 “Church
League of America”
founded
by Saint Frank
J. Loesch,
the head lawyer of the non-profit non-government civic group Chicago
Crime Commission,
along with Henry
Parsons Crowell,
chairman of the board of Quaker Oats and on the Board of Trustees of
the Moody Bible Institute. Advertiser G.W. Robnett was Chairman for
twenty years and his own “Institute for Special Research”
compiled surveillance reports on suspected American communists and
sympathizers. The Church league was financed by the William Randolph
Hearst Foundation, the Coors Foundation, Howard Phillips, and General
Robert Woods among others [p. 256]. This anti-communist, anti-labor,
racist organization lasted until 1984.
Yeadon/Hawkins’
historical research found that during 1928 some twenty-five religious
denominations received more than $400 million in donations and
managed another $132 million from other funds. In 1926 the Baptist
Church received $469,835,000; Congregational $164,212,000; Methodist
$654,736,000; Presbyterian $443,572,000; Episcopal $314,596,000.
Yeadon notes the total value of those religious denominations is
about two billion dollars, and that in 1926 the total federal budget
was only $2.9 billion (NH, p. 256).
Once
a candidate for Governor of California in 1958, Colonel
William Gale,
founded Posse Comitatus and the Christian Identity church called the
“Ministry of Christ” which included the head of the Aryan
Nations, Richard Butler, as a member (NH, p. 185).
I
want to review some of the most important ministers that authors
Yeadon/Hawkins mention in their historical review in the hope the
reader will be interested in doing further reading about this
historical merger of right-wing fascist groups and American
Christianity; and most importantly, the reader may see parallels with
today's political atmosphere. After the Pearl Harbor attack, some
isolationist propagandists were reincarnated in fundamentalists
churches as right-wing anticommunists. In some cases, Yeadon is able
to follow these crypto-fascist religious organizations and
personalities all the way to 2001.
Even
as early as 1919, Reverend David Burrell of the “Marble Collegiate
Church” in New York was militantly anti-union arguing the Christian
Bible “proves” unionism is anti-Christian and anti-American.
Burrell’s sect of American Christianity attacked anyone who
supported labor rights, or any organizations that lobbied for social
services such as “The National Welfare Council,” and the
“Commission on Church and Social Services.” Yeadon regards this
early date after WWI as when American Christianity became radicalized
by the extremist right-wing (NH, p. 109). From out of this religious
extremist trend several other authoritarian, White Supremacist,
anti-Semitic, and Christian Identity leaders emerged out of the body
politic as representatives of a Christian revival movement.
Reverend
Gerald Winrod: "The Jayhawk Nazi"
("Jayhawk"
is a nickname for a person from Kansas)
“International
Jewish Communism, which has already undermined all nations, firmly
expects to exterminate all Christians.”
—Gerald
Winrod, The Jewish Assault on Christianity,1935
A
former Kansas utility clerk, Gerald
Winrod (1900-1957),
founded the “Defenders of the Christian Faith” fundamentalist
Christian fascist group in 1925, and a monthly magazine named, “The
Defender” that had a circulation in 1937 of 100,000 monthly
readers. He was also a candidate for the U.S. Senate in the 1938
elections. Winrod believed FDR was part of a world-wide
“Jewish-Communist” conspiracy of from which Hitler will save the
world. The Defenders were against homosexuality, prohibition,
evolutionary science, and for racial segregation. He was appointed to
a Minnesota committee to examine school textbooks for potential
banning. Winrod was closely associated with the Christian fascist
group “Christian American Association” led by a Texas Pentecostal
preacher, Harry Hodge. Gerald Winrod was indicted for sedition
against the U.S. in 1942. Winrod’s son, also a Christian Identity
minister, Gordan Winrod, was sentence to 30 years in prison for
kidnapping in 2000.
Winrod
helped Rev. William
Bell Riley (1861-1947)
compose a bill banning teaching evolution in local schools for
submission to the Minnesota legislator. Riley was an extremely
conservative Baptist minister who embraced the anti-Semitic track
“The
Protocols of the Elders of Zion”
proclaiming
a world-wide Jewish conspiracy for world domination that involved in
particular President FDR in a communist plot to destroy America.
During 1919 Riley founded the “World Christian Fundamentals
Association” and was affectionately nicknamed by some as, “The
Grand Old Man of Fundamentalism.” Riley crusaded against the
teaching of evolution and urged attorney Willam Jennings Bryan to
represent his organization in the famous 1925 “Monkey Trial,”
or Scopes
Trial,
while successfully launching campaigns that removed evolutionary
science from the school curriculum of his day. This Christian
fundamentalist preacher also believed in an international
Jewish-Bolshevik-Darwinist world-wide conspiracy, and wrote a famous
sermon titled, “Shivering
at the Sight of a Silver Shirt,”
for the White Supremacist paramilitary group, “The
Silver Legion of America”
ran
by William
Dudley Pelley.
In 1942 Pelley was found guilty and sentenced to 15 years in prison
for 11 counts of making seditious statements, obstructing military
recruiting, and fomenting insurrection within the military” after
the Pearl Harbor attack.
Riley
also founded in 1902 the Northwestern
Bible Training School (Northwestern
University, Minnesota) with an auxiliary Seminary. After Riley died
in 1947, a young Pastor named Billy
Graham became
the school’s President from 1948 to 1952. I have written two other
essays on the Rev. Graham in “The
‘Graham’ Inquisitor,”
and “Rev.
Billy Graham's last Public Fascist Rally: Shivering in the ‘Light’
of the Silver Shirts.”
One
of Reverend Billy Graham’s wealthy patrons during the 1950s was
oil, munitions, and Thompson machine gun producer Russell Maguire.
Maguire purchased “The
American Mercury”
(1924-1981)
conservative magazine in 1952 which he later sold to Rev. Winrod’s
“Defenders of the Faith” in 1956 after giving the magazine an
anti-Semitic reputation. Billy Graham’s picture appeared on the
1957 edition cover while Maguire donated $75,000 to his ministry
($808,717 adjusted for inflation today) for producing a propaganda
film praising the free enterprise system. George
Lincoln Rockwell was
a writer for the magazine who later became the founder of
the American
Nazi Party.
Yeadon/Hawkins write of Maguire:
“The
film Graham produced was called Oiltown,
USA. Graham continued his friendship with Maguire after producing
Oiltown, and wrote several articles for the American Mercury….
Maguire and the Mercury were ardently anti-communist, and also called
for the abolition of the income tax, the UN, NATO, the ACLU and
Zionism. Throughout the 1950s the Mercury, under the guidance of
Maguire, supported Senator Joseph McCarthy. Other writers for the
Mercury included J. Edgar Hoover, Ralph de Toledano and George
Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party. De Toledano's
resigned from the OSS after refusing to work with liberals. Maguire
was an open backer of fascism and fascist organizations and was an
early supporter of Rockwell. Rockwell often complained about
Maguire's miserly donations (Link added; NH, p.116).”
Since
the 1950s, Russell
Maguire has been arrested multiple
times for molesting children as young as eight years old and in 1984
he was acquitted by reason of insanity for molesting a young girl in
1983, but was immediately arrested on a Florida fugitive warrant and
molestation charge of a fourteen year old girl.
Yeadon/Hawkins’
mentions the fundamentalist radio preacher, Rev.
Carl McIntire (1906-2002)
as an important figure shaping the religious right from the 1940s
until today. A highly educated minister, McIntire was kicked out of
the Presbyterian Church for his rejection of all modernist theology,
and extremist views of “anti-communism, anti-socialism,
anti-liberalism, anti-Catholic, anti-union, anti-Semitic, racist and
pro-business (NH, p. 257).” McIntire founded the “American
Council of Churches,” and during 1941 asked the Federal
Communication Commission to divide the airtime given to Protestants
between the fundamentalist broadcasters and the Federal Council of
Churches.
“…
McIntire
played a pivotal role in obtaining and exploiting airtime. McIntire's
20th Century Reformation Hour aired for years before being surpassed
by the new fundamentalists of the 60s. Perhaps McIntire's greatest
hour came in the early 1950s with his close association with McCarthy
and Hoover of the FBI. However, McIntire's more lasting impact was
that in furthering the careers of three other fundamentalists, Billy
James Hargis, Dr Fred Schwartz and Major Edgar Bundy.38 (Ibid, p.
257).”
In
1937 MacIntire founded the Bible
Presbyterian Church,
and purchased radio station WXUR,
Media, Pennsylvania during 1965. MacIntire built a vast empire of
conference centers, hotels, schools, radio, newspapers, and watchdog
organizations. By the mid-70s the tax cheating Reverend saw his
empire collapse leaving behind a half a million-dollar tax bill for
the holy city of Cape May, New Jersey. In 1999 his own congregation
at Bible Presbyterian Church forced him to resign. Francis
Schaeffer was
the first minister to be ordained in MacIntire’s right-wing
denomination. I should note that Francis Schaeffer was passed off as
progressive, or modern when he first became well known from his book,
“He is There, and He is not Silent,” (1972). I think this book is
meant as a retort to Wittgenstein’s famous aphorism in part seven
of the Tractatus,
“(7) Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent.” But I
doubt Francis Schaeffer ever read Wittgenstein, or Heidegger. It was
out of Francis Schaeffer’s religious community founded in
Switzerland during 1955 called L'Abri (French
for "the shelter") that the violent right-wing
anti-abortion movement targeting doctors emerged in the United
States.
The
WWII isolationist “America
First Committee (AFC)”
was
created in 1940 by Douglas Stuart Jr. who is the son of the first
vice president of Quaker Oats. Also, remember that Henry
Parsons Crowell,
was a co-founder of Quaker Oats and on the Board of Trustees of the
Moody Bible Institute as a founding member of The Church League of
America (see NH, p. 187, 256). Along with Stuart, retired US. Army
General Robert E. Wood and chairman of Sears, Roebuck and Co. headed
the AFC. Members of the America First Committee included Henry Ford,
Charles Lindbergh, Gerald Ford, and many other isolationists with
diverse political views which was the goal of the committee.
Financing for the AFC generally came from the same familiar
conservative industrial sources as The Church League of America
funding: “Fundraising drives produced about $370,000 from some
25,000 contributors. Nearly half came from a few millionaires ….
Other funding came from executives of Montgomery Ward, Hormel, and
Inland Steel (Wiki: AFC).”
The
AFC existed for only fifteen months until the Pearl Harbor Attack
rendered isolationism unpopular, and the organization collapsed as
both the Japanese Empire attack, and Hitler a few days later,
declared war on America. However, the same domestic pro-fascist
forces that successfully delayed American’s entry into war against
Nazi Germany by using American Christian churches, will now go to
work aiding the Nazi in the war effort with intelligence, and
literally shouted-down the U.S. Justice System to allow Nazi war
criminals and their collaborators to escape the hangman’s noose.
I began these series of short summary essays as a critique of the Christendom of our times, or Christian fascism, and to historically review key movements of the rise of fascism in American Christian Churches at the start of WWI until today. However, such an historical analysis is meaningless, if not impossible, without understanding the historical-politico-cultural context in which this particular cult of irrationalism emerged. This limited inquiry is meant to stimulate reader interest in this period of history with the hope of enhancing understanding of the political environment today in America.
Fortunately, yet in another sense unfortunately, there are plenty of resources for documenting eyewitness testimony and important historical events. But the question is also “What do the facts mean?” I believe there has been enough of a political paradigm shift in American perception to now allow this question to be answered more clearly. The amount of reading required for this topic is overwhelming, but not impossible to comprehend with organized research. Here are some key historical resources that I have depended upon in my reading and have available pdf files:
"The Nazi Hydra: How America's right-wing politicians are plunging the country into a fascist police state," by Yeadon/Hawkins (2003-2008 ) (denoted as Hydra)( pdf.). 540 pages with a fat bibliography of other resources documenting the rise of American fascism. Yeadon reports more detailed documented reports of treason by Allen Dulles than even the next volume by David Talbot.
“The Devil's Chessboard: Allen Dulles, the CIA, and the rise of America's secret government,” by Talbot, David, (2015) (denoted as DC) (pdf.). 723 pages with a good photo section. How Allen Dulles with Nazi war criminal intelligence officer Major General Reinhard Gehlen reverse engineered the Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers, or SS Nazi intelligence agency, and adapted it to post WWII America and Germany. Talbot's profound insightful conclusion is Allen Dulles organized the murder of JFK. My focus is not primarily about the assassination of JFK, but about Allen's Dulles actions that embedded fascism in American intelligence bureaucracies which brought about the young president's death.
“The Hidden History of the JFK Assassination: the definitive account of the most controversial crime of the twentieth century,” by Waldron, Lamar (2013) (HH)(pdf.). 548 pages. Waldron narrows down a short list of suspects in JFK's murder and their relationships to Allen Dulles as director of the CIA.
"Ultimate Sacrifice: John and Robert Kennedy, the Plan for a Coup in Cuba, and the Murder of JFK," by Lamar Waldron & Thom Hartmann, Carroll & Graf, (2005) (denoted as US) (pdf.) 964 pages. A massive resource for key historical data on JFK's assassination and goes into some details of how Dulles deceived JFK about the plans to invade Cuba.
The historical documentation in all four books independently overlap and reinforce one another in specific details and narratives. I recommend starting with the most general description “The Devil's Chessboard” followed by “The Nazi Hydra,” then “The Hidden History,” and lastly, the very detailed, “Ultimate Sacrifice.”
We will review some of Allen Dulles' actions during WWII while 1.) managing Nazi industrial cartel finances and leaking valuable war intelligence. 2.) Recreated a fascist anti-Soviet intelligence agency for both West Germany and America (the Org) based on the experience of Wehrmacht Major General intelligence officer, Reinhard Gehlen, (CIA code name “UTILITY”) who retired in luxury including a sailboat and living in a mansion near Pullach, Germany thanks to the American taxpayer's limitless generosity to Nazis (see details; DC, p. 252). Lastly, 3.) helped Nazi war criminals escape the hangman's noose, lobbied for commuted prison sentences, and purged intelligence records of Nazi war criminals to help them evade justice.
Dulles Does the Fascists' Laundry
On January 4, 1933, Hitler was invited to the Schroeder Bank by a group of industrialists. The industrialists gave Hitler the money to overcome his financial problems in turn for a pledge to break the trade unions. Present at this meeting were two Americans John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles.”
Allen Welsh Dulles (1893-1969) was the official fifth director of the CIA from 1953 until JFK fired him in 1961. Dulles had also been an agent in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) since 1941. Allen Dulles was the brother of the corrupt Republican John Foster Dulles (1888-1959) who served as a New York senator, and the 52nd U.S. Secretary of State from 1953 to 1959 under President Dwight Eisenhower. Allen Dulles worked as a lawyer at the League of Nations and met Hitler, Mussolini, and Goebbels. Both Dulles brothers worked as corporate lawyers for the Wall Street law firm Sullivan & Cromwell. During WWII against Nazi Germany, Allen was the Swiss Director of the OSS in 1942 in Bern, Switzerland until the agency was dissolved in 1945. Although A. Dulles was handling intelligence about Nazi Germany, he was also managing Nazi corporate finances of American/German cartel agreements and leaking sensitive American war intelligence to the Nazis:
“In fact, Dulles’ career in Berne during WWII is marked by several money laundering cases. After the Nazis tipped Dulles off that the Swiss codes had been broken, Dulles shifted his operation to the banks of Belgium, Luxembourg and Liechtenstein, using a roundabout route through Japan aided by Vatican couriers.8 After the end of the war all the banks in these countries refused to allow allied investigators to look at their books. One of Dulles’ dirtiest tricks may have been an effort to buy more time to move Nazi gold through Switzerland. A former East Bloc intelligence officer has confirmed that Dulles warned the Nazis the Japanese code had been broken at a crucial time. Shortly after warning the Nazis, the SS suddenly told the High Command to use tighter code security and to stop using the radio. They suddenly stopped using Ultra and switched to couriers. For once, the Allies had no information on the German battle plan. This most likely explains how the German’s were able to launch the Battle of the Bulge as a complete surprise13 (Hydra, p. 411).”
Talbot has additional historical information on Dulles activities during the war:
“...Hermann Schmitz, the CEO of IG Farben, the chemical conglomerate that became notorious for its production of Zyklon B, the gas used in Hitler’s death camps, and for its extensive use of slave labor during the war. Schmitz was one of the many Dulles brothers’ law clients and business associates who were involved with BIS [Bank for International Settlements]. It was a close-knit circle of men whose relationships smoothly weathered the storms of war. Even as his company was stockpiling poison for Hitler’s exterminators, Schmitz would send cheery Christmas and birthday greetings to his American business friends. The secretive BIS became a crucial financial partner for the Nazis. Emil Puhl—vice president of Hitler’s Reichsbank and a close associate of McKittrick—once called BIS the Reichsbank’s only 'foreign branch. 'BIS laundered hundreds of millions of dollars in Nazi gold looted from the treasuries of occupied countries. Some of the gold was torn from the mouths of concentration camp victims or melted down from Jewish families’ candleholders, cigarette cases, and other personal belongings (DC, p. 31).”
The Tricky Dick
Allen Dulles is responsible for starting the careers of two politicians—Dwight Eisenhower and Richard Nixon. Eisenhower was indebted to Allen Dulles: “Eisenhower was deeply beholden to the Wall Street Republican power brokers who had not only recruited him for the presidential race but had helped finance his electoral battle, loaned him one of their own—whiteshoe lawyer Herbert Brownell Jr.—to run his campaign, and had even tapped Dick Nixon as his running mate. The Dewey-Dulles group was Ike’s brain trust and bank (Hydra, p. 189).”
During and after WWII, Nixon was able to hide evidence that would have found Dulles guilty of treason: “While still serving in the navy, Nixon was given some captured documents to review. The contents would have revealed Allan Dulles as a traitor. In exchange for burying the documents Dulles agreed to fund Nixon's first political campaign. Nixon's campaign benefited from large contributions from a large New York bank connected with Brown Brothers and Harriman (Hydra, p. 398 ).”
Nixon's first political campaign Dulles financed was the 1946 California 12th congressional district election against the incumbent New Deal Democratic representative Jerry Voorhis because he had called for an investigation of the BIS and the dismantling of the Nazi corporation I.G Farbin. Such investigations would expose American corporate officers including Rockefeller's Chase Bank and JP Morgan's National City Bank of New York of working with the Nazis during the war. Nixon, a self-confessed Quaker, won the election against Voorhis charging the Democratic candidate with being a communist, and the proposed investigations never happened (see details; Hydra, p. 241-2).
Where specifically did Dulles get the funds to bribe Nixon? It turns out that one source of Nixon's campaign money was channeled through a client of Allen Dulles named, Nicolae Malaxa, a Romanian industrialist described by US security reports as a “master of the art of bribery” who financed right-wing groups in Romania...and we could add the United States. Dulles introduced Nixon to Malaxa knowing he collaborated with both the Romanian homegrown fascist Iron Guard and communists so that he fled to the United States in 1945 as the communist took over; and with Dulles as his lawyer, was allowed to stay in the United States as a non-citizen with a nice tax break to boot! The poor Romanian emigrant only had a paltry $500 million dollars ($6.5 billion into today's dollars) left hidden in overseas accounts to finance Cold War operations in other countries. Nixon received a $100,000 check and a...Cocker Spaniel. But then just before the Eisenhower-Nixon Presidential election of 1952....
“In a twist of bad luck for Nixon, one of the tellers at his bank branch turned out to be a Romanian refugee who loathed Malaxa. He sent a photostatic copy of the check to political rivals of the notorious industrialist in the exile community, who in turn forwarded the copied check to their contact in the CIA, Gordon Mason, chief of the agency’s Balkans desk (DC, p. 173).”
The bribery scandal hit the national American media forcing Nixon to go on television in defense of himself, but the Big Dick didn't mention the $100,000 check, or the Romanian fascist CIA financier...it was instead about the...tiny dog, Checkers.
And on a last note of the brutality of the Romanian fascist Malaxa and his Iron Guard allies:
“In January 1941, Malaxa’s green-uniformed Iron Guard thugs...launched a coup attempt, using the industrialist’s [Malaxa] mansion as a base for their assault. During the coup, the Iron Guard fell upon the country’s Jews in one of the most horrific spasms of violence in Romania’s history. Thousands of Jews in Bucharest were rounded up and beaten and tortured, including one group of more than a hundred—among them children as young as five—who were marched into a municipal slaughterhouse and butchered. The Iron Guardsmen hung their victims, some still alive, on meat hooks and 'mutilated them in a vicious parody of kosher slaughtering practices,' according to one later account (DC, p. 175).”
The Gehlen Org
“If Gehlen had not been rescued by U.S. intelligence authorities after the war, he almost certainly would have been convicted of war crimes at Nuremberg.”
The “Gehlen Org” had an annual budget of US$1,500,000, in 1948, or $18.3 million dollars adjusted for today. In 1956 Gehlen officially became the first Chief of the foreign intelligence service, the BND (Bundesnachrichtendienst) of West Germany until his retirement in 1968. Gehlen's fantastic luck of being fired by Hitler and rescued by A. Dulles was due to the fact the shrewd intelligence officer had the presence of mind to collect a cache of Soviet military intelligence which he copied onto microfilm and hid in the Austrian Alps. Gehlen was able to negotiate with Dulles to escape war crimes and rebuild the Nazi intelligence agency that monitored the Red Army. Using the Org as the prototype model, Dulles was able to adapt this horrific intelligence institution to American society.
Some critics of Gehlen's creation of the Org charged the intelligence agency reports were all along misleading by overstating the Soviet's military power and fueling a Cold War atmosphere of fear and paranoia threatening to bring about a re-Nazification of Germany and Europe. Old habits are hard to break. At one point when the leftist Social Democratic Party looked as though it would replace the conservative Adenauer government, Gehlen proposed to Dulles overthrowing West German democracy. Talbot summarized the situation:
“In 1952, West German police discovered that the CIA was supporting a two-thousand-member fascist youth group led by ex-Nazi officers who had their own alarming plans for terminating democracy. Police investigators revealed that the CIA-backed group [the Org] had compiled a blacklist of people to be 'liquidated' as 'unreliable' in case of a conflict with the Soviet Union. Included on the list were not just West German Communists but leaders of the Social Democratic Party serving in the Bundestag, as well as other left-leaning government officials (DC, p. 257; bracket added).”
You'll never know who will show up at The Org!
The Org compound-- also known as “The White House” -- was setup in the village of Pullach, Germany that had been headquarters of Hitler's advisor, Martin Bormann. Gehlen told Army officials he would not hire former SS or Gestapo officials (Ibid., p 246). However, Gehlen began to hire former high-level elite Nazi officials such as Dr. Franz Six who was tasked to command death squads after the invasion of Britain to exterminate anti-Nazi resistors just as he did in the Einsatzgruppen death squads on the the Eastern Front, and the Weimar lawyer Dr. Hans Globke who authored parts of the 1936 anti-Semitic Nuremberg Race Laws. These were the happy faces around the Org. This passage by Talbot is really disturbing:
“Gehlen had turned Pullach into its own separate world, with over two hundred of his top staff and their wives and children living and working in the compound. Before Critchfield [The 1948 CIA Chief of the Munich office who wanted to shut down the Org] moved in, the German spymaster himself had lived with his wife and four children in Bormann’s two-story house. Known, ironically, as the “White House” (DC, p. 247: brackets added).”
“Angleton, Dulles and Wisner all worked with and helped Nazi war criminals to escape from Europe. Many immigrated to the US after having their records sanitized by Dulles and others within the intelligence community.” -- Hydra, p.310
Globke was a close political advisor to the West German ultra right-wing extremist Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and was gathering intelligence on Adenauer's political opponents. In one incident Globke was collecting information on German political leaders from the Org's vast secret database, and of course, decided to remove his own incriminating intelligence file.
The Soviet mole Heinz Felfe and proud Kristallnacht Nazi thug was able to infiltrate the Org for over ten years handing over secret surveillance information to Russian intelligence.
In another case, Gehlen hired the highly educated and charming Franz Six who was an officer of the SD intelligence agency of both the SS and Nazi Party. His job assigned by Hitler himself was to form death squads to exterminate anti-Nazi partisans and some 300,000 British Jews after the planned invasion of Britain, but the invasion was canceled due to British resistance. The reassigned Chief Six of Vorkommando Moscow instead applied his expertise in the Soviet Union and executed 144 persons and another group of 46 of which 38 were Jewish intellectuals. U.S. Army intelligence agents finally arrested Six for his war crimes and served only a four year prison sentence, but after his release he returned directly to work at the Org in only a few weeks (see details; DC, p. 246-7).
Konrad Fiebig, is another Org member, but was later charged with murdering eleven thousand Jews in Belarus during the war. Also, Walter Kurreck commander of the death squad Einszgruppe D, was responsible for tens of thousands of murders. All of these war criminals got on the US payroll list.
There
were two schools of thought regarding Germany after WWII with
Franklin D. Roosevelt ordering the tougher Morgenthay
Plan,
or hard peace that required the demilitarization of a partitioned
Germany. FDR's post-WWII plan for Germany is referred to as the 'Four
D's” plan. The Marshall
Plan to
rebuild West Germany's industrial base was to be the next phase of
development. However, key figures in FDR's administration had other
opinions and would sabotage Roosevelt’s Four D's plan with acts of
treason.
Immediately
after Germany's unconditional surrender, the United States began war
crime trials of the Nazi leadership, and punishment. Two American
tribunals were formed to carry out FDR's denazification program: the
Simpson commission, and the Peck commission were composed of member
panels to review the sentences of persons convicted of war crimes.
Yeadon/Hawkins noted how these commissions worked to allow Nazi war
criminals escape justice:
“Both
the Simpson and Peck
commissions were
politically motivated. The Nazis were counting on their agents and
sympathizers in other countries— including the United States— to
do their bidding after the close of the war. The conservative faction
of Congress did not disappoint the Nazis. In fact, the conservative
Republicans by the end of the 1940s had succeeding in perpetrating
the myth that the Nuremberg war criminals were not criminals but were
instead the victims of Roosevelt. By the decade’s end, many people
had come to accept that myth. This conservative faction was aroused
to action by the Malmedy
Trial, and
the false charges made by Nazis within Germany of torture and
brutality. Included in this faction was John Rankin and Harold
Knutsen, the pro-fascist Minnesota congressman. Also, included were
Francis Case Republican representative from South Dakota and John
Taber Republican representative from New York (Hydra,
p. 337; links added)."
John
J. McCloy (1895-1989)
was a
Republican Wall Street lawyer for the firm Cravath, de Gersdorff,
Swaine and Wood (that happened to represent I.G. Farben) who was
hired as a consultant in 1940 by the US War Department, and in 1949
appointed as the High Commissioner of Germany. McCloy was one of
three men governing post-war Germany including the
right-wing Chancellor
Konrad Adenauer, and
economist Lewis
Douglas as
the head of the Finance Division of the Control Council.
Amazingly, all
three men governing
West Germany were related by marriage and were sons-in-law of the JP
Morgan partner and wealthy industrialist Fredrick
Zinsser!
(See details; Hydra,
p. 332).
During
WWI Zinsser's chemical plants produced mustard nerve gas that
can cause genetic damage to human DNA. Working for the War Department
McCloy selected targets for bombing in Germany. He once shared a
spectator box with Hitler during the 1936 Olympic Games, and as an
assistant secretary of war planned the internment of Japanese
Americans (Hydra,
p. 332). He stopped the bombing of death camps, and even of the rail
lines leading to the death camps (see details, Hydra,
p. 333). During 1944, FDR's US Secretary of the Treasury, Henry
Morgenthau Jr. accused
McCloy of being anti-Semitic for refusing to take in Jewish refugees
into the United States. Yeadon/Hawkins described McCloy's role in
disobeying FDR's orders for West Germany:
“Clearly
McCloy’s machinations was to crippled the 4Ds program from the
start. He had his hand in the selection of two of the most powerful
positions in postwar Germany, the military governor and his economic
aide. McCloy carefully chose both knowing that they were opposed to
dismantling German industry and largely opposed to the 4Ds program.
Moreover, he was chiefly responsible for rewriting the directive to
insure that German industry would not be held responsible for some of
the worst crimes of the Third Reich. Later, McCloy would take over as
the military governor and free most of the war criminals (Hydra,
p. 278 ).”
Yeadon/Hawkins
report that after WWII McCloy became president of the World Bank
(1947), chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank (1953), the Council on
Foreign Relations (1954), Ford Foundation (1958 ), the Warren
Commission (1963), and “...one of the original supporters of one
world government ruled by corporations (Hydra,
p. 279).” After WWI the American oligarchy (Wall Street lawyers and
bankers) rebuilt and rearmed Germany prior to WWII resulting in a
greater fusion with Germany's oligarchy after its military defeat.
John McCloy accepts an award for an honorary citizen of Berlin as President von Weizsacker and President Ronald Reagan look on.
McCloy's
brother-in-law, Lewis Douglas was a
mining engineer with a degree in economics and most likely worked for
the OSS. Douglas was the massively wealthy heir to the Phelps-Dodge
copper mining operation who was against FDR's New Deal believing it
was a Jewish conspiracy. Douglas was a right-wing extremist like his
father's former employer, the
Dodge Family who
were members of the eugenic movement, antisemitic, and militantly
anti-union. (See details, Hydra, p. 278 ).
Roosevelt’s pledge to bring all war criminals to justice had died with him.”
--Hydra, p.310
McCloy
used his powerful position to ignore FDR's demand for a hard peace
meaning all Nazi war criminals be judged and sentenced; instead,
McCloy commuted the death penalties of ten defendants, and reduced
the sentences of seventy-four others against the Peck Commission's
final judgments with the exception of four
unlucky Einzatzgruppen defendants,
and the key architect of the Final Solution Oswald
Pohl whose
death sentences by hanging where carried out. (See details, Hydra, p.
351). However, Baron
Otto von Bolshwing worked
closely with Adolf Eichmann persecuting Jews in Bucharest, Romania
and even organized an anti-Jewish attack with the Romanian Iron Guard
in 1941 resulting in 125 deaths. Otto Von Bolshwing worked for the
Gehlen intelligence group and was allowed to enter the United States
to eventually die peacefully at a California rest home in
1982.
Friedrich
Flick was
one of twenty-two high Nazi officials of Nazi Germany held for war
crimes that included exploiting 48,000 forced slave laborers taken
from concentration camps of which some eighty percent died and
providing funding for right-wing parties including the Nazis (50,000
Reich Marks) plus 100,000 Reich Marks yearly donations from 1936 to
1944 to the Nazi party totaling 7.65 million Reich Marks by end of
the war in 1945. The I.G.
Farben cartel (composed
of six dye companies), Alfried Krupp, and Flick were key financiers
of the Nazi Party. As the Jews were persecuted, Flick would seize
their property by forced low priced selling. Flick was held in the
Landsberg Prison (the same prison Hitler was jailed for his crime of
treason in 1923) and sentenced by the Nuremberg court to seven years
in prison in 1947. During his imprisonment Flick was allowed to
direct his companies and summon advisors at will. As High
Commissioner of Germany McCloy allowed Flick to walk out of Landsberg
Prison in 1950, along with one-third of all the other prisoners.
McCloy reduced seventy-four sentences, while commuting ten death
sentences including Nazi officers that murdered eighty-four
surrendered Americans POWs at the 1944
Malmedy massacre in Belgium.
The Dachau Trials handled by the Simpson Committee imposed 43 death
sentences, but none of the guilty were executed for their
crimes.
After
release from prison the Nazi war criminal, Friedrich Flick, was the
richest person in West Germany (the fifth in the world) when he died
in 1972. His industrial empire included 330 companies, and 300,000
employees. Most disturbingly, the unrepentant Flick continued to use
his vast wealth to rebuild fascism by paying off politicians like the
German Chancellor Helmut Kohl of the Christian Democratic Party
between $53,000 to $200,000, and laundering money to right-wing
political operatives—the same pattern Flick engaged the Third
Reich. (See details; Hydra, p. 347).
The Non-Confessing Church
"In post-war Germany, the clergy proved to be mostly pro-Nazi. The clergy that had opposed Hitler and his henchmen had been sent to the concentration camps.”
In an earlier essay, “The Parallelism of American Fascism and Christian Fundamentalism,” authors Yeadon/Hawkins reviewed the history of fascism infecting American Churches after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 resulting in a destructive mutant version of Christian Nationalism financed by a right-wing corporate oligarchy with powerful political committees, surveillance organizations, cultist right-wing sects, authoritarian, anti-unionist, antisemitic, virulently racist, and chiliastic. These same prewar fascist forces were already duplicated in Nazi Germany to regenerate Christian Nationalism by rescuing Nazi war criminals from punishment. Nazi diplomats developed a Niederlage, or “defeat” for a Nazi comeback plan that required placing agents in charitable organizations such as shelters, orphanages, and the Evangelical Relief Society for example. (see details, Hydra, p. 355). The “Confessing Church” was a group composed of Protestant Germans in opposition to the pro-Nazi Protestant German Evangelical Church that I call the “non-Confessing Church.”
Post-WWII Germany was still very dangerous for antifascists since many pro-Nazi fascists were reappointed to their positions of authority such as in law enforcement, the shopkeeper's store, the workplace, and the church—especially the church. Those citizens set to testify before denazification tribunals were still in physical danger from the defendants. Some trial witnesses were victims of Nazi death squads called “Werewolves.” The German churches, especially the Catholic Church, encouraged potential witnesses to give false positive testimony in support of former Nazis, and manipulated witnesses into believing it was a sin to give a bad testimony. (see details, Hydra, p. 353). German law enforcement was particularly corrupted by employing former Gestapo officers and were an important part of the Niederlage comeback plan. Yeadon noted one investigative article reporting on the degree of re-infiltration: “The November 1957 issue of the Frankfurter Hefte exposed the number of the news and publishing media that was willing to promote the Nazi line: 'In the Federal Republic there exist today 46 political associations of this character. The Nazi-militaristic wing is served by 30 newspapers, 68 Rightist book and magazine publishers, and 120 former Nazi publicists. In addition, there are approximately 50 nationalistic youth organizations'103 (Hydra, p. 358 )." Church officials were continually lobbying McCloy to set Nazi war criminals free, and he responded by allowing some of the worst war criminals to escape punishment, setting a pattern for decades to come.
"Thus the social demonry of the present is revealed in its duality, in its immense supporting and destructive strength. Shattered for a moment, it is at present on the point of re-establishing itself, in order better to sustain and—better to destroy.”
Klaus Barbie (1913-1991), the Butcher of Lyons was able to avoid justice for 33 years thanks to the generosity of the Christian American people. This may explain why the French hate Americans so much. Christian Nationalist Klaus Barbie tortured some 14,000 French adults and children, in some cases using water and ammonia. The Gestapo Barbie set up a trap in Lyon at a charitable shelter for Jews known as the 1943 rue Sainte-Catherine Roundup and arrested 86 people, of whom 62 were men and 24 women who in this case were later deported to extermination camps such as Sobibor, Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen, Dachau, and Majdanek. There were only three survivors. One arrestee was an eight-month-old infant sent to a death camp because the child was crying too loudly. The open killing of children by camp guards was a practice meant to psychologically torture prisoners. Attractive women were sometimes whipped in the face in an attempt to blind them. French authorities asked for custody of Barbie who was in the American military zone in 1943, but McCloy refused claiming the charges against Barbie were merely hearsay even though Barbie was on the Allied list of wanted war criminals (see details, Hydra, p. 351). With the help of American intelligence agents Barbie escaped to Bolivia, but not until 1987 was he arrested for war crimes and convicted with a life sentence. The Butcher of Lyon died of cancer while in prison.
"Now, if it [the State] claims absolute validity for the assumed forms in which it must live as earthly society, if it calls itself Kingdom of God, then it succumbs to arrogance and violates culture and society in demonic heteronomy.”
Long books could be written about any one of the atrocities as in the case of Nazi war criminal Schutzstaffel (SS) officer Joachim Peiper who escaped the Allies' executioner for egregious crimes against humanity including murdering 24 Italian soldiers, and 84 American POWs machined gunned with twenty of the wounded soldiers shot in the head at the Belgium Malmedy Massacre during December 1944. Other massacres of American POWs in the area by the Waffen-SS amounted to 300. As Himmler's ideal Nazi, SS Peiper was a propaganda superstar of Operation Barbarossa (22 June – 5 December 1941) death squad operations in Russia, then Italy, and later Belgium. Peiper's division was known as the “Blowtorch Battalion” that burned entire Soviet villages as he rolled through in his flame throwing tank.
"But real demonry—if this word is to have any special content—occurs only in connection with a positive, sustaining, creative-destructive power. This is true also of the last great demonry of the present, nationalism."
SS Peiper was sentenced to death in 1946, but was then commuted to life in 1951, and released from Prison in 1956. Once again the Dachau Trials were governed by the Simpson Committee which means ultimately by McCloy. The Malmedy defendants claimed they were tortured by guards for confessions. A committee was set up to review the case which included the right-wing Senator Joseph McCarthy (R-WI), who represented a substantial block of constituents of German heritage and was fervently for the defendants. Imagine the American Senator McCarthy arguing that the defendants were tortured and should be released while hundreds of thousands of Americans mourned their dead fathers, mothers, sons, and daughters. Juxtaposed that defense of Nazi war criminals against McCarthy's 1947-1957 persecution of at least 245 blacklisted American leftists. The fuller historical context given by Yeadon/Hawkins tells us about the church:
“The only evidence that the Simpson Committee relied upon came from the defendants and German clergy working to free all war criminals. In post-war Germany the clergy was uniformly sympathetic to the Nazis. The dissenters had been sent to the concentration camps where many of them perished. The evidence the Simpson Committee gathered regarding torture of prisoners was incredulous at best. More often than not the evidence did not bear up to examination...[Judge Edward Leroy van Roden, of Delaware County, Pennsylvania] ludicrous claims of torture were the beginning of the revisionist movement about the Holocaust (Hydra, p. 337; brackets added).”
With the CIA and German governments still covering for Peiper, he decided to move to the beautiful countryside village of Traves, France in 1970; a country where the Nazi blitzkrieg burned through entire villages with the victims locked inside a church, or barn.
After knowledge of SS Peiper's presence within France spread more widely during 1976, a group of antifascists became so outraged they burned Peiper's house down with him inside. There were no tears shed for Joachim Peiper.
Joachim Peiper - Burned Alive 30 Years After WW2
The key church officials during the war crimes trials were Cardinal Faulhaber, Bishop Wurm, Cardinal Josef Frings, Bishop Meiser (Protestant), and Pope Pius XII. Any church officials who resisted the Nazis had long since been sent to the death camps. Germany was a leading light in modern science and philosophy with some of the greatest theologians of Western Civilization including Dietrich Bonhoeffer who was tortured daily and hung in April 1945: that generation of religious thinkers was nearly wiped out—in some cases actually crucified. One month later German Cardinals renewed the 1934 concordat in May 1945. Between the years of 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany used the guillotine to execute 16,500 prisoners; however, 10,000 of them were guillotined during 1944 and 1945 alone (Wiki: fn. 27-28 ).
"The demonry of the state, church, and economics is visible when the holiness of these social forms, their right to sacrifices, is misused destructively—wherewith as a result the self-destruction, namely the shaking of the belief in their holiness, is connected.”
"Amen, Hitler!"
--French Roman Catholic Military Chaplin,Mayol de Lupe
Because official Vatican courier diplomats had immunity, Dulles and chief of counter-intelligence James Jesus Angleton were able to help the Nazis and the Vatican launder their assets. The friendly relationship was mutual as the Nazis told Dulles that the Swiss communications codes were broken just in time to redirect funds to Belgium, Luxemburg, Liechtenstein and Japanese banks; later, all participants refused to disclose to the Allies their transactions. The redirected monetary flow of funds was so vast, the influx of currency literally stimulated the entire national economy of Argentina during the1950s. Human identities were also laundered by the Britian-Vatican-CIA cartel. Yeadon/Hawkin recommends the book, “Unholy Trinity” by Mark Aarons, John Loftus, St Martins, 1998, 545 pages (pdf.) (See details: Hydra, p. 410, 412, 494, 516).
"The Government, being resolved to undertake the political and moral purification of our public life, is creating and securing the conditions necessary for a really profound revival of religious life.”-- Adolph Hitler, 1933 Reichstag speech.
Both Catholic and Protestant clergy competed for Hitler's favor in the hope of controlling the German educational system that meant millions of Marks in government subsidies in a classic kickback scheme. Hitler favored the Catholic Church only because it was more centralized for control with a relatively smaller membership to bamboozle and to further factionalize a very religious German culture. Germany had 45 million Protestant members, compared to 21 million Catholics. For a full history see Robert P. Ericksen's book, "Betrayal: German Churches and the Holocaust," (pdf.) (1999). You will find very familiar phrases used in Nazi Christian Theology such as "Kulturkampt", the word from which we get "culture wars." One Nazi slogan is, “Kinder, Küche, Kirchen,” or “Children, Church, Kitchen” to describe the proper social roles for women. Some American churches are totally unaware they have been bombarded with Nazi propaganda presented as theology for decades. In actuality, Hitler was an unhappy atheist discussing with his closest secretary, Martin Bormann, for a way to replace a pacificist “Jesus is a woman with a beard "version of Christianity that is incompatible with Nazism: there would be no plans for church buildings in a new Germany after military victory. For a complete treatment of this topic see, “The Great Scandal: Christianity's Role in the Rise of the Nazis – Part I by Gregory S. Paul,” (pdf.) 2003.
“You shall know them by their fruits.”
Cardinal Faulhaber was opposed to the denazification program (video: Erasing Hitler) as was the Bishop Wurm from Wurremberg who believed Hitler that Nazism and Christianity were compatible, and hoped the Führer would bring about a Great Awakening religious revival. Other church officials included Cardinal Josef Frings, who demanded all executions of war criminals be halted, and Bishop Meiser from the Protestant church who never protested the Nazis Regime. There were 351 Protestant clergy still identified as Nazis with only three removed by 1946 (details, Hydra, p. 351). These clergy were members of the 1948 propaganda group “Committee for Christian Aid to War Prisoners” led by Dr. Rudolf Aschenauer who invited McCarthy to the Malmandy trial, and Ernst Achenback who helped round up 2,000 Jews before 1945; both lawyers advocated granting amnesty of war crime defendants. Clergymen Frings and Wurm were able to raise substantial amounts of money from more than sixty industrialists through “The Committee for Justice and Trade,” to create a war crimes defense fund. (Details, Hydra, p. 353).
In 1955 Dr. Hans Globke had control of Gehlen's Org network of former Nazis spies and special access to German chancellor Konrad Adenauer while packing Nazis into many important West Germany government positions. These resurrected Nazis soldiers planned to regain power in Europe once again by waging an anti-Communist propaganda program of fear to provoke a war between the United States and the Soviet Union. (Details, Hydra, p. 364). The propaganda memes of a world-wide threat of communist domination, and the unjust persecution of Germany's prisoners of war were repeated in the American media. Globke was able to get written support in the States from North Dakota governor William Langer, publicly avowed Nazi banker Prescott Bush, Strom Thurmond, Thomas Dodd, West Virginia Rep. Robert Byrd, Missouri Senator Stuart Symington, FBI Director Herbert Hoover, and retired U.S. generals del Valle, Willoughby and Wedemeyer with a total of 150 congressmen. Republican Senator William Langer claimed the American tribunals were like Stalin's show trials charging, "At Nuremberg the Communist used war crimes trials to liquidate their external enemies (Hydra, p. 339)."
The most powerful liaison of the Vatican to Allied occupied West Germany Bishop Fargo Muench called during 1950 for a full general amnesty of war criminals with the support of Pope Pius XII comparing the Nazi criminals to persecuted Jews. (See Hydra, p. 341). This gaslighting technique was known as “fragenogen, or a pledge that the accused was whiter than white (Hydra, p. 354).” Yeadon/Hawkins report of another case wherein a local priest warned his followers not to speak to a prosecutor because he was “a Jew that had just returned from Auschwitz.” For the larger context British officers Stang and Steele reported their conclusion on the failure of the Allied war crimes tribunals: “They reported that the Nazis remained a privileged class. The failure to remove Nazi foremen and shopkeepers left the Nazis in control of the daily lives of the German population. The anti-Nazis did not have the strength to challenge the former order. The foremost anti-Nazis had already perished in the concentration camps or were executed by Nazi courts (Hydra, p. 353).”
Believe it or not, veteran Nazi soldiers already organized themselves into an illegal clandestine paramilitary group of 40,000 soldiers that included 2,000 former Wehrmacht officers called the Schnez-Truppe (1949-53) organization and was structured like the Freikorps. Before WWII, all the Wehrmacht Army drove GM trucks and carried U.S. made weapons—but after their military defeat the Wehrmacht Army drove GM trucks while carrying U.S. made weapons.
I want to contrast efforts of the US Government that worked so hard to grant clemency to Nazi war criminals against the cruel use of Amercian drug laws that sentenced millions of young Americans to hard prison time, in some cases a life sentence for possession of a single cannabis seed, or contrast the two life sentences of the Native American activist Leonard Peltier who has served over forty-six years in prison for the alleged murder of two FBI agents (which he denies). Take for example, the Treblinka guard, boxer, and skilled whipper, Kurt Franz, whose one hobby was to kick infants up into a wall to watch their skulls break open. The courts took ten years after WWII to find Franz guilty of 35 other counts of murdering 139 persons, and 300,000 camp prisoners collectively (see full list of indictments describing hundreds of Franz's murders). Franz was released from prison in 1993 for bad health and died in 1998. Even though Amnesty International, Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa, and the 14th Dalai Lama requested clemency, Obama still denied clemency for Peltier.
"... it is necessary and absolutely demanded to unveil the demon and to seek and use all the weapons of resistance; but there is no certainty of success, for there is no certainty that a finite reality, even if it be Christian culture, is indestructible. The demon inspires such a false certainty. There is only one certainty, that the demonic is overcome in eternity, that in eternity the demonic is depth of the divine and in unity with divine clarity. Only in view of the eternal may one speak of overcoming the demonic, not in the view of anytime, a past or future.”
Allen Dulles Gaslights America:
My hermeneutical principle of historical interpretation is simple: imagine the worst possible debacle, and that will be the truth. However, it has a flaw—historical reality is far worse than my ability to imagine. World War II resulted in the deaths of 70 million to 85 million human beings from the battlefields, diseases, and famines. These series of short essays re-accounting the rise of fascism in America only touched on this complex history relying on Yeadon/Hawkins' historical research with other critically selected resources found in Wikipedia, and YouTube documentaries for factual information that provide a general idea of the cultural-political context in which this catastrophe occurred. This historical narrative of Nazi Fascism is not based on some occult history contradicting long accepted documented events, but rather is a more complete history of those military, ideological conflicts and most importantly, the role of capitalism. How easy it is to reduce the war against fascism to battle dates—to logistical facts, or partisan party politics, and overlook the fascist paradigm. General Patton was chewed out by Eisenhower for saying, "This Nazi thing is just like a Democratic and Republican election fight (Hydra, p. 351).” The Allied Forces won the war despite the American oligarchy dragging its feet to enter the war; helped the Nazi cartels hide stolen national treasures; protected joint American-Nazi capital; and after the war opened the prison doors for some of the elite Nazis who committed mass murder on an industrial scale while other war criminals were even rewarded to a degree that boggles the mind of ordinary people.
"What in the devil is the American Army doing in Germany, if not to denazify the German government and administration? The Russians killed their Nazis; the Americans put them in office."
There are at least 2,000 books on JFK's murder, and it is easy to get lost in the battle of ballistics which is not irrelevant, but downstream from those ultimately responsible for setting off these murderous series of causes and tragic consequences. After many decades of research by an army of authors, it is time to look upstream to the sources of power during the buildup of the Cold War that caused so much human suffering, and death, and destructiveness of lives unlived. During the 1950s American anti-communist fever turned into a nationally subsidized cottage industry once insiders realized money and careers could be made—and on television! The same kinds of right-wing fear campaigns and political lobbying are being subsidized today by a tsunami of money derived from the environmentally devastating effects of oil drilling and fracking.
Careerism was the driving force behind this Cold War jobs program. Corrosive patriots arose everywhere! Anyone could be the Good James Bond despite one's own flaws because the bad guys where commies...and the unpopular, a minority, a friend, and a politician. Cuban mafia exiles were in Florida since the 1953-59 Cuban revolution with some merging operationally with the American mafia—and they hired a good mafia lawyer, Richard Nixon. During 1963 New Orleans was the headquarters of mafia boss Carlos Marcello who ruled over Louisiana, Mississippi, and parts of Texas and Alabama (see, US, p. 12), then both criminal organizations invited their White Supremacists friends in the South so that everybody could get on the CIA intelligence payroll directly, or indirectly. Careerism is the major driving force of American Cold War hysteria during the 1960s and on. The professional career of any person that contradicted J. Egar Hoover's pronouncement that Oswald was the lone gunman was in danger of being blacklisted, or even murdered so that all evidence contradicting Hoover was ignored, missing, or deliberately contaminated.
The US government intelligence agencies have lied about JFK's murder for over sixty years, hiding classified documents; fabricating conspiracy theories to mislead and discourage critical thinking; and even edited the Zapruder film to gaslight the American people (see documentary, “The Zapruder Film Mystery”). Any conclusive evidence to settle questions about Kennedy's murder—the subject's pulverized brain for example—went missing or was destroyed. However, the circumstantial evidence of JFK's murder collected during these decades of research by various citizen investigators is overwhelming and sufficient to form a judgement today of the kind of government we live under.
Oswald's Background
“...this indigestible morsel”
Lee Harvey Oswald was first described by the media as a lone child who rode the subway all day to escape home; having no loving parents and grew up to be a Marxist, then decided to kill JFK. I remember these media reports as a child—communist, Marxist, Russian spy, and Jack Ruby (not initially described as the mob boss who casually walked into the Dallas Police Department like it was one of his whore houses). However, many decades later biographies of people in Oswald's life emerged. Life biographies are more difficult to falsify and can even be corrected. I have already reviewed some of Allen Dulles' history, but CIA agent David Ferrie, and Oswald also have interesting biographies.
Allen Dulles loved to drop references to Plato in interviews while denying the CIA would not kill anyone (unless authorized) implying to the listener, “Look, I'm just a scholarly professor that wouldn't harm a fly... Plato said.... etc.” Dulles despised idealists of any kind, whether it was his Presbyterian minister father Allen Macy Dulles, JFK, or “true believers” like Lee Oswald. CIA agent and pedophile David Ferrie (US, p. 465) would present himself as a professor of philosophy and even took up the nickname “The Professor” (US, p. 499). I believe the teenage Oswald later modelled his CIA persona on Ferrie by claiming to have studied Marxist philosophy. Oswald's public radio recitation of Marxism could be found in any Encyclopedia's first three introductory paragraphs on Marxism. Viewing the infamous photograph of Oswald holding his rifle and two newsletters, one could not know the publications were printed by two opposing factions of communism (US, p. 492). It is not impossible that Ferrie could have written Oswald's Marxist elevator spiel. Oswald had a high IQ of 118, an excellent memory (maybe a photographic memory), but was dyslexic, had some hearing loss (US, p. 462), and was a terrible marksman (US, p. 266).
Note: Speaking of philosophy, the old OSS intelligence agency respected philosophy, and especially logic. CIA agent Lewis Williams Douglas (bother-in-law of McCloy, and Konrad Adenauer of West Germany) had a difficult time at Amherst until college president, Alexander Meiklejohn, taught him logic. Also, I should mention German paramilitary death squads murdered some 2 million people in 500-man units known as the “Einsatzgruppen” during 1938 and was led by some of Germany's most highly educated leaders: nine of the seventeen death squad leaders held Ph.Ds. One commander, Otto Rasch held two Ph.Ds (law and political economy) and demanded he be addressed twice as “Doctor, Doctor Rasch.” Higher education is no absolute defense against barbarism. The most fearsome power of the demonic is its dynamic-creative self-sustaining ability to metamorphize a person's highest values and aspirations into opposing forces within a spiral of blind destruction.
“After the Bay of Pigs debacle, he [CIA agent David Ferrie] denounced Kennedy with such vicious abandon during a speech to a veteran's group that he was asked to step down from the podium. The president “ought to be shot,” Ferrie began telling people.”
A close look at Oswald shows he was up to his neck with CIA agents—it would be simpler to keep track of those near Oswald not connected to the CIA! The fifth teen-year-old Oswald first met CIA agent and commercial pilot Ferrie at a Civil Air Patrol group in 1954. Ferrie recommended to Oswald that he join the Marines military force. The youth flying club was established by a right-wing extremist Texas oilman and defense contractor who also owned the building known as the Texas School Book Depository that hired Oswald in 1963. Agent Ferrie was a homosexual pedophile who often traveled with two teenage boys. Ferrie would attempt to hypnotize the young cadets and lure them into a drug research program at the University of Tulane. Incredibly, the CIA MKUltra drug experimentation program ran for twenty years from 1953 to 1973. Oswald was stationed at the Atsugi, Japan naval air base that also had a CIA LSD experimentation center. (see details, DC, p. 463-4). Ferrie denied ever knowing Oswald. A few weeks after the “New Orleans States-Item” published a story in 1967 about New Orleans Attorney Jim Garrison's investigation of Ferrie's imminent arrest for conspiracy of murder, Ferrie wrote two suicide notes and was found dead, however, Orleans Parish coroner Nicholas Chetta and pathologist Ronald A. Welsh ruled that Ferrie died of a stroke.
On the same night of Ferrie's death his friend Eladio del Valle —an associate of mobsters Trafficante and Masferrer—had a terrible accident in Florida. (details, Ultimate Sacrifice, p. 813). Eladio del Valle had been tortured, shot in the heart at point-blank range, and his skull split open with an ax. This must be some kind of message.
"To see what is in front of one's nose needs a constant struggle."
~George Orwell wrote in 'Why I Write.'
What is most important to understand is that Oswald was working in a network of intelligence agents. Oswald knew gunrunning drug dealing sex trafficking Jack Ruby, assassinated Dallas police officer J.D. Tippet, David Ferrie, FBI agent Guy Bannister, and CIA agent Claw Shaw ( See researcher Joan Mellen's videos on Oswald's associations). Waitress Mary Adda Dowling saw Oswald, Ruby, and Tippit at the Dobbs House restaurant, a hangout for right-wing John Birchers, on the morning of November 20, 1963. Mary Adda knew Jack Ruby because he would continually ask her to work as a dancer (stripper) for him. Also, Dallas police officer Tippet's wife worked as a “dancer” for Jack Ruby. There was an entire network of mafia hit men, CIA, FBI agents, and Cuban terrorists spanning from Florida, New Orleans to Dallas in a sleazy underworld subculture of self-righteous self-proclaimed patriots. Just before Ruby shoot Oswald he wired twenty-five dollars to his favorite dancer to pay her monthly rent. Just imagine the power Ruby had over the women that danced from him. Yet, the Dallas police admired Ruby and even looked up to him as a honorable man. Just look at the depressing black and white films of how the police and media treated Oswald as opposed to Ruby calmly answering questions in a suit and tie sitting at a table.
The Paines (sic) of Government Intelligence
"The very word secrecy is repugnant in a free and open society, and we are as a people, inherently and historically, opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths, and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweigh the dangers
Kennedy was not only speaking of the secret societies such as those found in some political organizations, and corporations, and even universities, but also of the mafia, paramilitary groups, and rogue intelligence agencies—JFK was onto Allen Dulles. Other intelligence agents in Oswald's life includes the former OSS agent and later military intelligence CIA field agent George de Mohrenschildt who in 1961 introduced the newly arrived Russian immigrants, Lee and Marina Oswald (formerly, Marina Prusakova) in 1961 to Ruth and Michael Paine. Mohrenschildt first met Oswald through “Fort Worth's Russian-American community, oil accountant George Bouhe.” Mohrenschildt said FBI agent Max Clark and CIA agent J. Walton Moore reported Oswald was safe to help, but never explains why he wanted to help. George was formerly, “von Mohrenschildt” indicating aristocracy, and he was a founder of Radio Free Europe. George knew the Bouvier family and as a child Jacquelin Bouvier (later married JFK) called him “Uncle George” and even sat on his knee. It gets stranger.
Agent de Mohrenschildt worked as a petroleum geologist based in Haiti in 1963 and worked for Pantepec Oil owned by the William F. Buckley Sr. family in Venezuela. Also, he was a member of the extremist right-wing Dallas group Texas Crusade for Freedom whose members included oilman David Harold 'Dry Hole' Byrd (owner of the Dallas school book depository that employed Oswald and founded the Civil Air Patrol club where Oswald and Ferrie first met). Mohrenschildt as able to get Oswald a job at the Dallas photographic lab Jaggars-Chiles-Stovall in Oct. 1962 to prepare maps from U-2 spy plane photos in spite of the fact Oswald was claiming to be a pro-Cuban Marxist! He believed Oswald was an scapegoat and eventually entered a mental institution in 1976, then committed suicide with a shotgun in 1977. Witness, Joseph Dryer, told the HSCA in 1978 that shortly after the assassination of JFK $200,000 or $250,000 had been deposited into de Mohrenschildt's bank account. CIA director Richard Helms believed Mohrenschildt was a Nazi espionage agent. A Nazi within the CIA--really?
On December 3, 1963, before JFK was killed the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) ran by Naval Intelligence reported to the 'National Security Council Staff' that Oswald did not work for Castro and he was under 'tight surveillance.' (details, US, p. 129). Also, US Army intelligence had a surveillance file on Oswald that predated the assassination and kept from the Warren Commission led by Allen Dulles. A year later when Congress asked for Oswald's Army intelligence file, Congressman Richard Preyer told journalist Anthony Summers that it had been destroyed. (details, US, p. 261).
“The problem with Oswald is he hung around with the wrong crowd.”
Agent Mohrenschildt introduced Lee and Marina to the married couple Ruth and Micheal Paine (Documentary) who happened to be deeply involved in national security all through both family histories. Ruth Paine claimed to be a Quaker, and her mother Ruth Forbes Young was the great-granddaughter of Ralph Waldo Emerson who lived on Naushon Island near Cape Cod where Allen Dulles and his mistress Mary Bancroft visited. Both Bancroft and Dulles knew Ruth and Micheal Paine from the island. In fact, after visiting her mother on Naushon Island, Ruth went to pick up the arriving Oswald family from Russia. Ruth Paine's stepfather was the Bell Helicopter inventor, Arthur M. Young, who made a fortune selling the Model UH-1 Iroquois (Huey) helicopter used in the Vietnam War. Young was a defense contractor and had security intelligence clearance (so his phone was recorded). And working with his father-in-law at Bell Helicopter was Ruth's husband, Michael Paine, who also had security intelligence clearance and had a role setting up SWAN Island radio used in the Bay of Pigs failed invasion. After JFK's killing, Michael calls Ruth on the phone from his Bell office before Oswald was identified as a suspect saying, “Oswald will be blamed for the killing, but we both know who was really responsible for the assassination.”
Ruth Paine's biological father, William A. Hyde, worked for USAID, a foreign aid front agency for the CIA, and had been considered as a covert agent assigned to Vietnam during 1957. Ruth Paine's sister Sylvia Hoke was a psychologist for the...CIA. Sylvia's husband, John Hoke, worked for USAID, but later failed security clearance to be an intelligence agent. (See de-classified CIA documents). At least Oswald's mother Marguerite wasn't a CIA agent, but she was running her own investigation!
I always wondered how Oswald could take care of his pregnant wife and still be so politically active. It turns out that Ruth Paine let Marina Oswald and her new born child move into her Dallas home with her own two children since she was separating from her husband Michael Paine. Oswald could only visit his wife on weekends, however, Michael would take Oswald to at least six left and right political meetings during these family weekends. It was at Ruth Paine's home Oswald stored his rifle that was then missing, but also other evidence mysteriously appeared after agents searched her home at least three different times. Ruth would find evidence the agents supposedly missed in earlier searches including an unauthenticated confession handwritten by Oswald having the fingerprints of seven people, but without Oswald's or Marina's fingerprints. It was Ruth Paine who found Oswald a job at the Texas School Book Depository, but she did not tell Oswald about an employment agency message offering a better position. Ruth Paine was absolutely convinced that Oswald was the lone killer of JFK. Shortly after the assassination, Ruth and Michael reunited. It appears that Ruth, Michael, and Mohrenschildt were baby-sitting Oswald's family all this time. (For a short, but comprehensive video summary of these events see, “Possible conspirators in the JFK Assassination from Intelligence to New Orleans to Dallas...and why” by Ted Yacucci.).
JFK's Sexual Affair Doings
While taking a political science class, I discovered that one conservative politician would spend two hours a day researching the US Library of Congress for Kennedy's sexual affair stories to leak to the press. I am sure some of these stories are true, but it takes two--or more--to tangle. But to be fair, Allen Dulles was doing Miss Clare Booth Luce, the wife of his close friend and owner of Time-Life Magazine, Henry Luce, who was a fervent promoter of Italian Fascism, even publishing two editions of Time magazine in 1923 and 1926 with Mussolini's portrait as the cover story. On the other hand, publisher Henry Luce was getting his revenge by doing Dulles' mistress, Mary Bancroft. The wife of Allen Dulles, Martha Clover Dulles, knew Bancroft very well and knew that Allen Dulles was doing them both. When Clare Booth Luce wasn't doing Allen Dulles, in her spare time she would republish a speech given as an ardent Christian Catholic condemning the new sexual social mores of the 1930s. (details, DC, p, 217). Martha Dulles also had an affair with JFK's father, Joseph P. Kennedy.
The Zapruder Film: version 2.0
There is a massive amount of literature on the assassination of JFK with some more recent information on the Zapruder film researched in the documentary “The Zapruder Film Mystery” already mentioned. The documentary interview is of the photo interpreter Dino Brugioni who worked at the CIA's National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC). Brugioni was asked by agents to copy selected frames for making briefing boards; however, Brugioni now reports the Zapruder film was altered from the original copy and is missing critical frames essential for reconstructive forensic interpretation (see documentary @ 1:18:48 minutes). The critical film frame 336 showing the fatal rifle shot has the back of JFK's head inked out to conceal the exiting impact direction of the rejectum and bullet path.
Also, Professor of History, Harry Bowen, has presented enhanced photo evidence of the fatal rifle shot coming from the front of Kennedy's head and forming a swelling tuber in the back of the head. (see, Bowen's Presentation on JFK Assassination; 11/15/18; @ 36.50).
Meditations on the Diremption of Spirit
“...self-consciousness passes in its unhappy state of diremption.”--Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, Baillie trans., p. 203 (pdf.)
“The Old Man will take care of it.”
JFK awards the National Security Medal to Dulles at the CIA headquarters in Langley, November 28, 1961. The very next day JFK fired Dulles who then immediately ran CIA covert operations from his home office.
JFK also fired Deputy Director General Charles Cabell of the CIA who was the brother of the Mayor of Dallas in November 1963, Earle Cabell who was also a CIA agent since 1956.
How are we to interpret these historical facts, i.e., what do the facts mean? There are two general approaches for conducting historical research: on the one hand is Reason (Vernunft), or collecting empirical facts of events (name, dates, places). On the other hand, Understanding (Verstand) goes beyond the particular facts to the universals of language meaning so that unity and coherence is given to the stream of raw sense data received in experience and through historical research. This second kind of historical study must use language in a highly metaphorical style to convey the abstract meanings not explicitly expressed with empirical descriptions of facts.
The philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Hegel, would often use the language and symbols of the Christian religion, or picture thinking, to interpret historical change such as in the phrase, “the Calvary of absolute Spirit” and writes: “But the other side of its Becoming, History, is a conscious, self-mediating process--Spirit emptied out into Time; but this externalization, this kenosis [self-emptying], is equally an externalization of itself; the negative is the negative of itself (Phenomenology of Spirit: para. 808; brackets added).” " Geist” is a key term used by Hegel meaning both “spirit,” and “mind,” to describes the shape of human consciousness (i.e., worldview, or life-world) in a particular historical period (i.e., Ancient Greece, Feudal Middle Ages, the Enlightenment). Hegel's ontology (Absolute Idealism) is not emergent from below, but emanates from latent potentiality appearing phenomenologically as actuality unfolding through Reason (Logos) in a dynamic teleological process of oppositions in time slowly drifting toward the achievement of authentic human freedom. For Hegel, world history is about the human spirit becoming incarnate as objective phenomena by expressing itself in the world—this historical experience is described symbolically by Hegel as the “the road to Calvary.” Hegel believed spiritual life is culture. Of course, Marx, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche would strongly disagree with many of Hegel's views. Marx's criticism of Hegel is that he only interpreted the world, but the point is to change it. (Video, “Hegel's Idealism & Marx's Materialism” @ 7:20 minutes).
“Consciousness, on its part, appears here likewise as actual, though, at the same time, as internally shattered; and this diremption shows itself in the course of toil and enjoyment, to break up into a relation to reality, or existence for itself, and into an existence in itself.”
“Diremption” is defined as a violent separation, to put asunder, to divide, or to break off. The New Testament gospels write of the moment of Christ's death upon the cross of Calvary, "And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent... (Matt. 27:51; Mark 15:38; Hebrews 10:20; ll Cor. 3:15).” The term ἐσχίσθη (verb 3rd sg aor ind pass) means, “to split, cut open, to part, to separate.” The Greek term for “rent” used by Matthew is σχίζω from which we get the word “schizo” as in “schizo-phrenia” (two minds). French philosopher Gilles Deleuze, and psychoanalysts Félix Guattari write in their book, Anti-Oedipus (1972), that schizophrenia is the disease of capitalism. The term “diremption” can be found in Hegel's “Phenomenology of Spirit” translated by Hegelian scholars A.V. Miller who used this word eight times and J.B. Baillie transcribed it seventeen times. Hegelian scholars translate the German word “Urteil” [judgment, or decision] taken by Hegel to derive from “Ur-” and “Teilung” [division], the meaning of “originary division.” “Diremption” describes human consciousness in the state of internal conflict from contradiction, as when making moral, legal, or political judgments. Contradiction—whether a propositional contradiction, or a performative contradiction— is a precursor of an extensive paradigmatic shift in self, society, and life. St. Paul reminds the early New Testament Christians of the woven three-and-a-half-inch thick torn veil in the Holy of Holies representing the Old Testament paradigm of Hebraic sacrificial laws that was negated; yet, retained in another form by a transcending New Testament telos toward a new form of life (καινότητι ζωῆς: Romans 6:4). The Old Testament paradigm is broken: “Pain rising into the concept,” as Adorno would say to describe this process of spiritual life as negation and regeneration.
“Without idea no lofty, great, rounded, splendid life exists.”
The assassination of John F. Kennedy is a diremption of the Spirit of a nation yet to be resolved. Allen Dulles is the deist god who released a demonic, autonomous Cold War Fear Machine that devours everything in its path—friend and foe alike. It is not human genetics that defines a person as an American, but rather one's belief in the propositions and ideas of the United States living Constitution. How can a people of a nation rationally hold to a national idea if educational, religious, and governmental institutions-- if the same are suspected of committing, concealing, or accepting such an irrational act of homicide in order to better prepare militarily for nuclear world war? Could such a nation even be rational, or a free country, or a democracy, or even Christian? An Empire of Lies is vulnerable to cultism, collapse, and the ruination of life.
"...Spirit has dirempted from itself. It has completed its task, thinks Hegel, so now philosophy must step-in to provide the foundations for ethical life [Sittlichkeit in German]. Thus again, the end is the beginning. So, are you ready to rise to the occasion of philosophy to contribute to its project?"
The Owl of Minerva (is not what it seems)
The End